Anxiety is an emotional state linked to the anticipation of possible threats or uncertainty. Unlike fear, which appears in response to a real and immediate danger, anxiety is more often tied to the expectation of future events and the sense that “something might go wrong.”
Psychologists emphasize that anxiety is a natural reaction of the body that can sometimes be useful: it mobilizes focus and resources. However, when anxiety is too intense or constant, it becomes a factor that interferes with everyday life.
Physiological and Psychological Symptoms
Anxiety manifests both in the body and in thought patterns. Physiological signs may include rapid heartbeat, muscle tension, shortness of breath, and sleep disturbances. On a psychological level, anxiety often appears as ongoing worries, difficulty concentrating, and a persistent feeling of inner tension.
Modern research shows that anxiety activates brain areas connected with the “fight-or-flight” response — such as the amygdala and the prefrontal cortex. These mechanisms were crucial for our ancestors’ survival, helping them react to threats. But in today’s world, they may become overactivated even when no real danger is present.
Types of Anxiety
Psychologists distinguish several forms of anxiety:
- Situational anxiety — appears in specific circumstances (such as an exam, public speaking, or a job interview).
- Chronic anxiety — persists over a long period of time, even without clear reasons.
- Social anxiety — related to fear of negative judgment or evaluation by others.
Example: Michael was preparing for an important job interview. Several days before it, he struggled with sleep, imagined negative scenarios, and felt constant tension. Once the interview ended, his anxiety significantly decreased, showing that its main source was the anticipation of the event.
Why Understanding Anxiety Matters
Recognizing the nature of anxiety is important for maintaining psychological well-being. Moderate anxiety can even be helpful, prompting preparation and focus. But when anxiety becomes constant and interferes with daily life, it may be a signal to seek professional support.
Ways to manage anxiety include breathing techniques, regular physical activity, mindfulness practices, and working with a therapist. These approaches help reduce tension and restore a sense of control.
“Anxiety is the price of imagination. It warns us about possible dangers, but it is essential to distinguish between real threats and imagined ones.” — Rollo May
Takeaway: A mindful approach to anxiety allows you to use it as a signal for preparation and self-care rather than a source of constant stress. This makes a person more resilient and confident in everyday life.