Emotions are subjective experiences that show how significant an event or situation is to a person. They act as the body’s “signal system,” helping us respond quickly to changes, even before the mind has fully processed the situation.
Emotions accompany us every day — from joy and inspiration to anxiety and sadness. Thanks to them, we perceive life not only as a sequence of facts but also as a deeply personal experience.
Scientists identify basic emotions that are universal across all cultures. American psychologist Paul Ekman proposed six primary emotions: joy, sadness, anger, fear, surprise, and disgust. These states are easily recognized through facial expressions, gestures, and tone of voice, making emotions a vital tool of human communication.
Example: joy from meeting a close friend is often accompanied by a smile and a feeling of warmth, while fear before an exam can trigger rapid heartbeat and sweaty palms. Such reactions highlight what truly matters to us and which situations require our attention.
Emotions differ by several parameters: valence (positive or negative), intensity (the strength of the feeling), duration, and awareness. For instance, mild irritation may fade within minutes, while grief after a loss can last for months.
Throughout history, attitudes toward emotions have shifted — from the belief that they should be suppressed in favor of reason, to modern perspectives recognizing their value for health and personal growth. Today, emotions are studied through neuropsychology and cognitive sciences, focusing on the brain and hormones. Research confirms that emotions are not a weakness but a key part of human adaptation and evolution.
“Emotions are not a luxury, but a way of survival. They help us make quick decisions and build social connections.” — Paul Ekman
Why it matters: understanding and managing your emotions forms the foundation of emotional intelligence. This skill helps maintain inner balance, build trusting relationships, and cope with stress more effectively.