Identity is the inner sense of who we are, what makes us different from others, and which groups we belong to. It combines personal traits, values, beliefs, and life experiences, forming a sense of continuity and wholeness. Through identity, a person understands what makes them unique and how they are connected to the surrounding world.
Identity develops gradually — from the early childhood awareness of the self to an adult understanding of roles, goals, and values. This process continues throughout life, helping us adapt to change, find meaning in our actions, and build relationships with others.
Psychologist Erik Erikson believed that identity is the result of successfully overcoming life crises — the moments when a person answers the question “Who am I?” and achieves inner coherence. A strong identity helps us cope with stress and remain resilient even in uncertain circumstances.
Example: after a divorce or a career change, a person may feel they’ve lost part of themselves. However, by rethinking their values and roles — as a parent, professional, or friend — they gradually restore a sense of wholeness. This is the process of identity reconstruction.
Modern psychology views identity not as a fixed state but as a dynamic system. We may feel different in various contexts — at home, at work, or among friends — yet still maintain a stable inner sense of self. This flexibility allows us to grow and adapt without losing self-respect.
“Identity is the story we tell about ourselves to understand who we are and why we live.” — Dan McAdams, psychologist
Why it matters: Understanding one’s identity helps make conscious choices, build confidence, and form authentic relationships. It serves as an inner compass that guides us through change and helps us stay true to ourselves in any situation.