Research shows that the more frequent and prolonged these experiences, the greater the risk of mental and physical health issues in adolescence and adulthood. The WHO highlights that mental disorders are a leading cause of health loss among adolescents worldwide, while the CDC identifies 'adverse childhood experiences' (ACEs) as preventable risk factors that impact lifelong health (CDC, 2024).
How Trauma Affects Development
Traumatic stress can disrupt sleep, attention, learning, and behavior. A child may become hypervigilant, easily startled, avoid reminders of the event, or become fixated on anxious thoughts. According to the CDC, ACEs are common, and their accumulation is linked to depression, anxiety, substance use, and physical health issues (CDC MMWR, 2024). The role of adults is not to 'fix' the child but to create a predictable, supportive environment and seek professional help when needed.
What Experts Recommend: Evidence-Based Approaches
Diagnosing and Treating PTSD in Children
UK national clinical guidelines address the identification and treatment of PTSD in children and adolescents, recommending evidence-based therapies like TF-CBT and EMDR, alongside coordinated care across services. A 2023 Cochrane review confirms that psychotherapeutic interventions, particularly cognitive-behavioral approaches, effectively reduce PTSD symptoms in children who have experienced trauma.
Support at Home and School
Parents and educators can use simple yet powerful tools: consistent routines (sleep, meals, study), calm communication, active listening, explaining 'what happens next,' and safe self-regulation techniques (breathing, movement, creative activities). UNICEF advises maintaining daily rhythms, encouraging children to express feelings, and providing 'anchors' of safety after a crisis. At the community level, the CDC recommends fostering 'safe, stable, nurturing relationships and environments' to reduce the risk of ACEs and promote resilience in children (CDC: Preventing ACEs).
When to Seek Professional Help
Signs that warrant a specialist consultation include intrusive memories or nightmares, avoidance of activities or places, extreme mood swings, persistent sleep issues, self-harming behavior, declining academic performance or relationships, or symptoms lasting over a month and interfering with daily life. Don’t assume it will 'pass on its own': early, compassionate support can reduce the risk of long-term issues. Guidelines emphasize culturally and age-appropriate care, family involvement, and coordination between schools, healthcare, and social services (NICE: Principles of Care).
Disclaimer: This material is for informational and educational purposes only and does not replace professional diagnosis or treatment. If you notice signs of post-traumatic stress, mood changes, or behavioral shifts in a child, consult a pediatrician, child psychologist/therapist, or local support services.